Understanding the common cold

The common cold is a minor upper respiratory tract infection that can be caused by a number of different viruses. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, the nasal cavity, mouth, throat (pharynx), and voice box (larynx). Cold symptoms often begin slowly with sneezing, a runny nose and scratchy throat. They usually remain mild and may last from a few days to two weeks.

Colds are the leading cause of doctor visits, and account for 30%-40% of days lost from work and school. Children experience an average of four to seven colds per year; while adults experience an average of two to three. Colds are more common among children and women of child bearing age and less common in people in their sixties. It has been estimated that people in the United States suffer from 1 billion colds per year. 1

Is it the cold or the flu?

The terms cold and 'flu' are often used interchangeably. Both are upper respiratory tract infections; however they are caused by different viruses. The 'flu' (influenza) is an illness caused by influenza viruses. Flu symptoms often appear abruptly and are more severe than those experienced with a cold. Influenza viruses also tend to spread to the lower respiratory tract (airways and lungs) more readily than most cold viruses.

Is it a cold or allergies?

Colds are sometimes difficult to distinguish from airborne allergies. However, airborne allergies tend to last longer, especially if they are associated with seasonal pollens, and are not accompanied by the general aches, pains and fever seen with a cold.